Investing

1. Germany, Italy Face Pressure to Repatriate US$245 Billion in Gold as Trust in US Custody Wavers

Publish date: June 24, 2025

In June, growing distrust in US custodianship of foreign gold reserves and political uncertainty linked to the Trump administration put pressure on Germany and Italy to repatriate their foreign bullion.

At the time, both countries collectively held more than US$245 billion in gold reserves at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and local political leaders were raising concerns that the US had become a less neutral custodian.

German taxpayer advocates warned that increasing political influence over the US Federal Reserve could jeopardize access to foreign-owned bullion. Similar concerns surfaced in Italy, where critics argued that continuing to store gold abroad posed a strategic risk during a period of heightened geopolitical tension.

Germany repatriated 674 metric tons of gold from 2013 to 2017, but 37 percent of its reserves remain in New York.

2. What Does the GDX Index Change Mean for Gold Investors?

Publish date: September 19, 2025

In September, the world’s largest gold-mining stock exchange-traded fund (ETF) — the US$20.5 billion VanEck Gold Miners ETF (ARCA:GDX) — underwent a major structural overhaul.

VanEck transitioned GDX from the NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index to the MarketVector Global Gold Miners Index, ending a benchmark relationship in place since 2004.

The switch adopted free-float market-cap rules that exclude locked-up or government-held shares, aligning the fund with index standards commonly used in broader equity markets.

3. Barrick’s Bristow Steps Down Following Hemlo Sale and Mali Challenges

Publish date: September 29, 2025

Barrick Mining (TSX:ABX,NYSE:B) went through a major leadership transition this year after CEO Mark Bristow unexpectedly left the company following nearly seven years at the helm.

Bristow, who had led the company since the 2019 merger with Randgold Resources, stepped down amid strategic disagreements with Barrick Chair John Thornton and a year marked by operational challenges, including ongoing legal and political challenges in Mali, where its Loulo-Gounkoto complex is located.

Bristow’s departure also came shortly after Barrick finalized a US$1.09 billion sale of its Hemlo mine in Ontario, formally marking its exit from primary Canadian gold production to concentrate on higher-margin international operations.

Chief Operating Officer Mark Hill assumed interim CEO responsibilities as the board initiated a global search for a successor. Hill previously oversaw Barrick’s Latin America and Asia-Pacific operations, and played a key role in the company’s initial decision to explore the Fourmile gold project in Nevada.

4. Mali Enforces Gold Seizure at Barrick’s Loulo-Gounkoto Mine

Publish date: January 13, 2025

Barrick’s tensions with Mali’s military government intensified at the start of 2025 after authorities seized gold shipments from the firm’s Loulo-Gounkoto mine, which accounts for roughly 14 percent of its annual production.

At the time, officials claimed Barrick owed more than US$500 million in unpaid taxes and state dividends under a revised mining code implemented in 2023. Detentions and legal threats against local staff heightened the conflict further, and the government reportedly intercepted approximately 3 metric tons of bullion.

The year-long dispute reached a conclusion on November 24, when Barrick confirmed a settlement with the Malian government that restores full control over the Loulo-Gounkoto mine.

Under the terms, the company was to pay 244 billion CFA francs (US$430 million), with 144 billion CFA francs due within six days of signing and an additional 50 billion CFA francs applied through VAT credit offsets.

In exchange, Mali was to drop all charges against Barrick, lift state control of Loulo-Gounkoto, release four detained employees and renew the company’s mining permit for another decade.

The agreement also requires Barrick to comply with Mali’s 2023 mining code — the same legislation that triggered the original confrontation.

5. Navigating Uncertainty: How Trump’s Tariffs Are Affecting the Gold Market

Publish date: August 27, 2025

US trade policy sparked gold market turbulence after confusion surrounding import tariffs, including whether Swiss-refined 1 kilogram and 100 ounce bars would be subject to rates near 39 percent. Traders rushed to secure physical imports amid the uncertainty, widening spreads between New York futures and London spot benchmarks.

The volatility eased only after US officials clarified their position.

Bitcoin and Ether price update

Bitcoin (BTC) was priced at US$85,873.25, down by 3 percent over 24 hours.

Bitcoin price performance, December 15, 2025.

Chart via TradingView.

A bruising bout of weekend volatility pushed Bitcoin to a two week low near US$87,500 amid thin liquidity. Buyers emerged early on Monday to briefly lift prices toward the US$89,500 to 89,700 range, but both DeFi and traditional markets slipped in early trading after Greg Jensen, co-CIO of hedge fund giant Bridgewater Associates, issued a client note warning that Big Tech’s heavy reliance on external capital for artificial intelligence (AI) investments has entered a “dangerous” phase, amplifying AI bubble fears and exacerbating last week’s tech selloff into Monday.

Bitcoin fell to lows around US$85,400, and the global crypto market cap saw a 24 hour decrease of 3.2 percent.

In a post on X, veteran trader Peter Brandt highlighted that Bitcoin’s advance has fractured after failing to hold support following October highs. He warned that this breakdown could trigger “exponential decay” since each bull cycle has yielded smaller gains. Based on historical precedents, Bitcoin could see a drop to US$25,000.

Ether (ETH) was priced at US$2,930.31, down by 5.1 percent over the last 24 hours.

Altcoin price update

• XRP (XRP) was priced at US$1.89, down by 5.2 percent over 24 hours.

• Solana (SOL) was trading at US$125.43, down by 3.6 percent over 24 hours.

Crypto derivatives and market indicators

Bitcoin futures open interest rose slightly to US$59.63 billion, while Ether open interest dipped to US$38.2 billion, signaling modest Bitcoin accumulation amid Ether caution.

Heavy long liquidations confirm capitulation selling pressure. Positive funding rates show some bulls hanging on despite pain, but a relative strength index of 27.03 marks extreme fear, historically preceding sharp reversals in crypto.

Elevated Bitcoin funding rates reflect pricier long bias persisting, but decay could accelerate if shorts pile in.

Overall market sentiment skews fearful, with Bitcoin holding firmer than Ether.

Today’s crypto news to know

Strategy expands Bitcoin holdings amid price slump

Michael Saylor’s Strategy (NASDAQ:MSTR) announced on Monday that it has acquired an additional 10,645 BTC for US$980.3 million, paying an average price of $92,098 per coin.

That brings Strategy’s total holdings to 671,268 BTC. “As of 12/14/2025, we hodl 671,268 $BTC acquired for ~$50.33 billion at ~$74,972 per bitcoin,” the company said in an X post.

JPMorgan launches tokenized money market fund

JPMorgan Chase’s (NYSE:JPM) US$4 trillion asset management arm is launching its first tokenized money market fund, the My OnChain Net Yield Fund, on the public Ethereum blockchain. The fund runs on JPMorgan’s Kinexys platform as a private placement under Rule 506(c), targeting institutions via the Morgan Money trading system.

“Active management and innovation are at the heart of how we deliver new solutions for investors navigating today’s financial landscape,” said George Gatch, CEO of JP Morgan Asset Management. “By harnessing technology alongside our deep expertise in active management, we’re able to provide clients with advanced, innovative, and cost-effective capabilities that help them achieve their investment goals.”

Bitget launches TradFi private beta for traditional assets

Monday saw Bitget announce the private beta launch of Bitget TradFi, a new feature enabling crypto users to open bets on traditional assets using the stablecoin USDT. Fees start at US$0.09 per lot.

Positions will be margined and settled in USDT, eliminating the need for separate brokers or currency conversions, with up to 500x leverage, a tight spread and regulation by Mauritius’ Financial Services Commission.

“The shift in wealth management is happening now, assets that were previously only available on certain niche markets are now on Bitget,’ said Gracy Chen, CEO of Bitget, in the company’s announcement

‘This is historic; crypto, stocks, gold, forex and commodities now coexist under a single system. This is what a universal exchange merging wealth management under a roof looks like; it’s now present-day finance.’

UK moves to place crypto firms under full regulation

UK officials are preparing legislation that would move crypto companies fully inside the country’s financial regulatory framework. According to the Guardian, the plan involves putting crypto service providers under regulation like other financial firms, subject to the Financial Conduct Authority’s rules on consumer protection, governance, transparency and market conduct. Treasury officials say the shift is meant to close longstanding gaps as crypto activity becomes more entwined with mainstream finance rather than operating at the regulatory edges.

Legislation is expected by October 2027 to give firms time to adjust to the more demanding compliance environment.

If enacted, the move would mark a structural change for UK-based crypto startups, which until now have largely operated without full product-level regulation.

HashKey prices Hong Kong IPO at top end at US$206 million

HashKey Holdings, Hong Kong’s largest licensed crypto exchange, is set to raise about US$206 million after pricing its initial public offering near the top of its marketed range, according to a source familiar with the deal.

The company priced shares at 6.68 Hong Kong dollars, valuing the exchange operator as it prepares to debut on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on Wednesday (December 17). HashKey operates across trading, asset management, brokerage and tokenization, and runs the city’s biggest regulated crypto exchange.

While Mainland China continues to warn against crypto speculation, Hong Kong has taken the opposite approach, positioning itself as a regulated gateway for digital finance.

North Korean hackers drain wallets using fake online meetings

North Korean cybercrime groups are using fake Zoom (NASDAQ:ZOOM) and Microsoft (NASDAQ:MSFT) Teams meetings to steal crypto, draining more than US$300 million through the tactic so far, according to security researchers.

According to CryptoNews, the scam typically starts with a message from a compromised Telegram account that appears to belong to someone the victim already knows. Victims are then invited to what looks like a legitimate video call, complete with convincing video feeds that are actually pre-recorded footage.

During the call, attackers claim there is an audio problem and send a supposed software “patch” that installs malware. The malware can extract passwords, private keys and internal security data, allowing attackers to empty crypto wallets.

Global crypto thefts have already surpassed US$2 billion this year, with North Korea-linked groups remaining among the most active and sophisticated actors in the space.

Bitcoin and Ether price update

Bitcoin (BTC) was priced at US$90,250.03, down by 2.6 percent over 24 hours. It has extended its bullish tone this week as markets absorbed the US Federal Reserve’s interest latest rate cut and reassessed risk sentiment across assets.

Bitcoin price performance, December 12, 2025.

Chart via TradingView.

The Fed has now cut rates three times in three months, bringing the target range down to 3.5 to 3.75 percent.

Bitcoin dipped to US$89,000 to US$90,000 lows at the US market open, echoing post-Fed pullback patterns noted by Santiment across all three cuts since September.

Ether (ETH) was priced at US$3,084.18, down by 5 percent over the last 24 hours.

Altcoin price update

• XRP (XRP) was priced at US$2, down by 2.1 percent over 24 hours.

• Solana (SOL) was trading at US$131.52, down by 4.2 percent over 24 hours.

Fear and Greed Index snapshot

Open interest eased, while US$3.1 million Bitcoin and US$3.92 million Ether long liquidations signaled deleveraging. A neutral relative strength index and low funding rates kept positioning balanced post-expiry.

CMC’s Crypto Fear & Greed Index continues to hold firm in fear territory, remaining firmly risk-averse on Friday and staying at 29 for a second consecutive day. Despite Bitcoin’s recent upward trend and stabilization at the US$92,000 mark, investors continue to exercise caution after a volatile fourth quarter, reinforcing the view that traders remain reluctant to take on aggressive positions despite improved liquidity conditions elsewhere.

CMC Crypto Fear and Greed Index, Bitcoin price and Bitcoin volume.

Chart via CoinMarketCap.

Today’s crypto news to know

Bessent prepares policy shift on crypto regulation

US Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent is preparing a major policy letter that would direct the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) away from its post-2008 focus on tightening rules and toward re-evaluating whether existing regulations hinder growth. The draft letter, obtained by CNBC, says the FSOC will begin assessing whether certain oversight measures “impose undue burdens” that may undermine stability by limiting innovation.

The FSOC, originally created to prevent another financial collapse, coordinates oversight between the Fed, the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and other agencies.

If finalized, the policy would empower agencies to roll back or revise rules deemed outdated or overly restrictive.

OCC approves US trust bank approvals

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) has conditionally approved national trust bank charters for Circle’s (NYSE:CRCL) First National Digital Currency Bank and the Ripple National Trust Bank. The OCC also endorsed transitions for existing state charters held by Paxos Trust Company, BitGo Bank & Trust and Fidelity Digital Assets.

With these approvals, the firms can now operate nationwide under federal oversight, enhancing stablecoin issuance and digital asset services like custody.

Pakistan clears Binance and HTX to begin licensing process

Pakistan has granted initial clearance for Binance and HTX to set up local subsidiaries and begin preparing applications for full digital asset exchange licences.

The Pakistan Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority issued “no objection certificates” after reviewing each platform’s governance, compliance structures and risk controls, though the approvals stop short of permitting trading activity.

The certificates also allow both companies to register on Pakistan’s anti-money-laundering system and begin establishing regulated local entities ahead of a forthcoming licensing regime.

Pakistan Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority Chair Bilal bin Saqib said the phased model will admit only platforms that meet strict global standards on anti-money-laundering and counter-terror financing.

Pakistan, one of the world’s largest crypto markets by retail activity, is simultaneously developing a Virtual Assets Act, while coordinating with US-based World Liberty Financial on digital infrastructure proposals.

Phantom integrates Kalshi prediction market

Phantom has integrated Kalshi’s regulated prediction markets, allowing in-app trading on events like elections, sports, crypto trends and macroeconomics using Solana or its CASH stablecoin.

Users can access live odds, notifications, tokenized positions and community chat without external accounts, leveraging Kalshi’s CFTC oversight and recent high volumes.

Strong reactor growth — not AI hype — to drive long-term demand

In 2024, worldwide uranium production met 90 percent of global demand, with the remaining 10 percent likely made up of stockpiled material. At the same time, global nuclear expansion is accelerating quickly, according to the latest World Nuclear Association outlook. From 398 gigawatts electric (GWe) of installed nuclear capacity this past June, the organization’s reference scenario shows capacity nearly doubling to 746 GWe by 2040.

More aggressive growth could push that figure to 966 GWe, while a slower buildout still reaches 552 GWe.

This rapid growth has major implications for uranium demand.

Reactors are expected to consume about 68,900 metric tons (MT) of uranium in 2025. By 2040, requirements will more than double to just over 150,000 MT in the reference case, and could exceed 204,000 MT in the high-growth scenario. Even the low case sees demand topping 107,000 MT, underscoring the sector’s long-term structural pull on supply.

On that note, Lobo Tiggre, CEO of IndependentSpeculator.com, cautioned investors not to lose sight of uranium’s core driver — dependable, round-the-clock electricity.

“The use case is baseload power,” he said. “There’s no substitution, and the world is building like gangbusters.”

He argued that data center construction and electric vehicle (EV) adoption are just an added boost, not the backbone, and that headlines about AI or data center growth may be distracting from the foundation of the uranium thesis.

“If the EV story completely went away, it wouldn’t undo the thesis for uranium,” Tiggre said. “It would remove a tailwind, not the base story.” And despite political noise in the US, he believes the global shift to EVs remains intact.

He sees AI demand as similar: a powerful tailwind that strengthens the case for nuclear, but doesn’t define it.

When asked how meaningful near-term demand from new reactors and extensions could be — and when utilities will need to accelerate contracting — Gerardo Del Real, publisher at Digest Publishing, didn’t hesitate.

“How material? Very material,” he said.

But he cautioned that utilities remain “the slowest actors, always,” even as long-term contract prices have climbed “US$8 to US$10 above spot.” That contract price, he noted, is the real signal to watch. Because fuel makes up such a small share of a utility’s total operating costs, “they can afford to sign at US$120 or even US$130,” he said — levels that are far more consequential for producers and developers than for reactors themselves.

While some utilities have begun stepping in at higher prices, Del Real said the aggressive contracting many expected a year ago still hasn’t materialized. “I don’t think we’ll really see that until 2026,” he said.

Del Real said the uranium market is being driven by a mix of fundamentals and sentiment, and right now, the psychological lift from the tech boom is hard to ignore. While he doubts every AI-era data center plan will be built, the expert argued that even partial follow-through could massively expand power demand. If tech companies deliver “35 to 50 percent of their promises,” Del Real said, the energy needs would be “absolutely spectacular.”

That surge would hit an already-tightening market. He noted that the uranium sector is on track for a major supply deficit by 2026, a shortfall that he now believes is accelerating.

This sentiment was reiterated by Huhn, who explained that while broader narratives like AI and data center growth have been loosely tied to uranium, they don’t fundamentally alter the thesis for rising prices.

“If we see CAPEX pull back and growth slow, could that narrative impact us? Absolutely. But once prices start moving, uranium will carve out its own story,” he said. In his view, the real driver is the de-risking of existing reactors.

‘So instead of data center demand quadrupling by 2030, if it only doubles, we’re still going to see the de-risking of the existing operating reactors of the world, in particular in the countries that have expansion of data centers, which is most of the modern countries, but especially in the US, especially in China.”

Looking ahead, Huhn stressed that while new US reactors could eventually boost fuel demand in the early 2030s, utilities are already securing long-term contracts today.

“So the market for those reactors exists now,” he said. “As we enter 2026, attention will be everywhere.”

Aging uranium mines threaten supply security

Global uranium production is expected to climb over the next decade, but is seen struggling to meet demand.

The Australian government’s latest Resources and Energy Quarterly report projects that world uranium supply will rise from roughly 78 million MT in 2024 to about 97,000 MT by 2030, fueled by output expansions in Kazakhstan, Canada, Morocco and Finland — a roughly 24 percent increase over six years.

Industry experts also forecast a modest compound annual growth rate of 4.1 percent through 2030, with output reaching around 76,800 MT, reflecting expansions at major producers, including Kazakhstan and Canada.

Yet beyond 2030, many existing mines are expected to plateau or decline unless new projects come online, highlighting the critical need for timely investment to meet the fuel demands of the world’s growing nuclear fleet.

Future supply was a concern raised by Huhn, who underscored the challenges inherent in uranium mining.

“Mining is hard,” he said, pointing to Cameco’s (TSX:CCO,NYSE:CCJ) struggles at MacArthur River as it transitions to a new phase of the mine. The company has experienced mill downtime and production setbacks, yet still aims to deliver 15 million pounds of uranium in 2025, down from its typical 18 million. “These are very complicated underground mines with high-grade ore,” Huhn noted, emphasizing the operational complexity.

Huhn also highlighted long-term concerns: “Cigar Lake will be offline in 10 years, MacArthur River in 15. The two biggest projects that the industry relies on are finite. They need replacements if they intend to stay in uranium mining.”

Regarding Kazatomprom, he said the company is adopting a “value over volume” approach, focusing on responsible management of legacy assets while balancing joint ventures with Russia and China.

However, many of its projects are expected to peak over the next five years, with steep decline rates looming in the 2030s. Huhn warned: “Both (major miners) have pipeline problems into the 2030s. Without new development, the market will struggle to balance supply with the surging demand ahead.”

To facilitate this growth, Huhn stressed that uranium prices will need to stay elevated to incentivize the capital expenditures required to meet long-term demand.

“Looking at what the world will need to supply 250 million to 300 million pounds a year in about 10 years, we’re probably going to need prices in the US$125 to US$150 range, and they’ll need to stay there for a while,” he said.

Huhn added that short-term spikes aren’t enough.

“A spike to US$200 and then falling back to US$100 doesn’t do much for the industry,” he explained, noting that commodities cycles tend to overshoot on both ends. “Even in past cycles, prices fell below production costs — like when spot was US$30 a pound, but most low-cost producers were at US$40 to US$50. When the market recovers, the upside is usually much higher than the incentive price.”

Bullish uranium outlook meets real risks

Tiggre sees a bursting AI bubble as a possible threat to uranium’s upward price movement.

“There’s going to be a lot of companies that blow up,” he said. “There’s a significant chance that we get a major market event based on the AI bubble popping, and there will be a lot of panic selling of everything related. And unfortunately, that’s going to smack uranium too, because it has become an AI play now.”

Tiggre believes an event like this would be a strong buying opportunity, and while he doesn’t want to see people impacted by bubble burst, he urged investors to be prepared.

“I’ll be gleefully in the market when it puts something on sale, something you know is valuable. When the market offers it at a discount, and nothing else has changed, that’s an absolute gift,’ he said.

‘Opportunities like that don’t come often. Fluctuations happen, but a genuine sale on something you want for all the right reasons — that’s what makes fortunes for those with the courage to act.”

For 2026, Huhn sees utilities as the key driver for uranium prices. “I’m really looking at the utilities more than anything in the physical market, because that dictates everything else,” he explained.

While uranium equities have drawn attention, including meme-stock-like surges, Huhn is focused on the underlying commodity. He also pointed to a standoff, noting that major uranium producers like Cameco are seeking market-reference contracts with high ceilings, signaling confidence in rising prices, while utilities — still adjusting from reactor restarts and long-term power agreements — are testing the waters with small tenders.

“(Producers) want market reference with ceilings at US$130 to US$140, so that should tell all of us where the biggest players in the industry believe the price is going,” said Huhn. “Once we see the big utilities step up and sign these large contracts at the prices producers want, then it’s game on,” he emphasized, predicting a rapid price reset that could potentially push uranium from around US$75 to US$100 over a few months.

Looking down the pipeline, Del Real said he’s keeping a close eye on junior uranium companies, which he believes offer some of the biggest upside in the sector.

“If you know the management teams and can access these deals early, you can do spectacularly well,” he said, citing his firm’s early investment in North Shore Uranium (TSXV:NSU) as an example.

While he acknowledged the high risk involved, Del Real argued that in the current volatile market, well-chosen juniors can rival larger producers in potential returns, particularly when strategic financing and timing align.